Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 52
Filter
1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 27(6): 103689, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528089

ABSTRACT

Abstract Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) are useful to identify syphilis cases, particularly for hard-to-reach populations and if laboratory services are scarce. However, RDT performance may be suboptimal. We aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a syphilis RDT using well-characterized blood donors' samples. We categorized samples from 811 blood donors into five groups: 1 - Samples with reactive Chemiluminescence (QML), FTA-Abs, and VDRL; 2 - Samples with reactive QML and FTA-Abs, and nonreactive VDRL; 3 - Samples with reactive QML, and nonreactive for other markers (false-positives); 4 - Controls with nonreactive QML; and 5 - Samples reactive for HIV, with nonreactive QML. Sensitivity was tested in groups 1 (overall and according to VDRL titers) and 2; specificity was tested in groups 3‒5. The RDT had high specificity, even in samples reactive for HIV. The sensitivity was high (91.9%) in samples with reactive VDRL but varied between 75.0%‒100% according to VDRL titers. The overall sensitivity was lower (81.3%) in samples with reactive FTA-Abs and nonreactive VDRL. The RDT is a useful tool to detect active syphilis but may be more limited for cases with very early or remote infection, or those with prior treatment. When higher sensitivity is needed, additional strategies including recurrent testing or laboratory-based tests may be required.

4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421082

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Congenital syphilis is a major public health problem, and early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent it. Penicillin G benzathine is the treatment of choice in pregnant women; however, it may fail to prevent fetal infection, as in the present case. Case presentation: Male newborn, son of an HIV negative mother with gestational syphilis (venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) 1:4 dilution, positive treponemal test) diagnosed at week 21 of gestation and treated with three doses of 2 400 000 IU of penicillin G benzathine. At delivery, the mother presented VDRL 1:1 dilution. The newborn was diagnosed with congenital syphilis due to VDRL 1:4 dilution, positive treponemal test, elevated aspartate aminotransferases, hypos-thenuria, proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia that resolved after treatment with crystalline penicillin for 10 days. The molecular testing in blood showed a high treponemal load. The VDRL test at 3 months was non-reactive. Conclusions: Preventing congenital syphilis with the recommended treatment for gestational syphilis may fail. Moreover, diagnosing this condition in an asymptomatic newborn is difficult. Therefore, clinical and serological tests are recommended to confirm whether maternal treatment was effective in the fetus.


RESUMEN Introducción. La sífilis congénita es un importante problema de salud pública y para prevenirla es necesario diagnosticar y tratar la sífilis gestacional de forma temprana. En el presente caso la gestante recibió el tratamiento de elección (penicilina benzatínica), pero este no previno la infección fetal. Presentación del caso. Recién nacido masculino, hijo de una madre con serología negativa para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y positiva para sífilis gestacional diagnosticada en la semana 21 (prueba VDRL con dilución 1:4 y prueba treponémica rápida positiva) y tratada con tres dosis de 2 400 000 UI de penicilina benzatínica. En el parto, la madre presentó VDRL con dilución 1:1 y el recién nacido fue diagnosticado con sífilis congénita por presentar VDRL con dilución 1:4, prueba treponémica rápida positiva, niveles de aspartato aminotransferasa elevados, hipostenuria, proteinuria, hematuria y leucocituria, condiciones que se resolvieron luego de recibir tratamiento con penicilina cristalina durante 10 días. El estudio molecular en sangre realizado al momento del nacimiento evidenció una alta presencia de Treponema pallidum. La prueba VDRL a los 3 meses fue no reactiva. Conclusiones. Prevenir la sífilis congénita con el tratamiento recomendado para sífilis gestacional puede fallar, además, diagnosticar sífilis congénita en un recién nacido asintomático es difícil, por lo cual se recomienda hacer un seguimiento clínico y serológico para confirmar si el tratamiento materno fue efectivo en el feto.

5.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 33: 1-3, dez.30, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359837

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Primary syphilis is classically represented by a hard chancre, but other rare forms such as Follmann's balanitis are occasionally described. Objective: To show an iconography of the clinical presentations of the classic hard chancre and Follmann's balanitis, in parallel with the serological results in the course of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Descriptive case report of a patient of an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted infections in a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Conclusion: Syphilis lesions acquire different clinical expressions according to the natural evolution of the disease. Recognizing these presentations, as well as knowing how to interpret the serological results, is essential for the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the infection.


Introdução: A sífilis primária é representada classicamente pelo cancro duro, porém outras formas raras, como a balanite de Follmann, são ocasionalmente descritas. Objetivo: Apresentar uma iconografia dos estágios evolutivos da lesão clássica de cancro duro e da balanite de Follmann em paralelismo com os resultados sorológicos no curso do diagnóstico e do tratamento. Métodos: Relato descritivo evolutivo de paciente atendido em ambulatório de atendimento de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis de hospital terciário da cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Conclusão: As lesões da sífilis adquirem expressões clínicas diversas conforme a evolução natural da doença. Reconhecer essas apresentações, bem como saber interpretar os resultados sorológicos, é fundamental para o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequado da infecção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Balanitis , Syphilis , Chancre , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Diagnosis , Infections
6.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(supl.2): 140-152, oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355766

ABSTRACT

Resumen | Introducción. La sífilis gestacional se considera de interés en salud pública por las repercusiones que tiene en la madre y el hijo. Pese a tener protocolos para su notificación, diagnóstico y manejo, en Colombia se siguen evidenciando limitaciones en su control. Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de distribución espacial de las pacientes con sífilis gestacional en Cali, Colombia, en el 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal con 427 casos de sífilis gestacional reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila). Para el procesamiento estadístico, se utilizó el programa R, versión 3.5.3. Las variables cualitativas se presentan como proporciones y, las cuantitativas, mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, Para la distribución espacial, se usó el programa Qgis 3.0. Resultados. La razón de sífilis gestacional fue de 17 casos por 1.000 vivos (incluidos los mortinatos). El 57,1 % de las pacientes pertenecía al régimen subsidiado de salud y el 16,6 % no estaba asegurado. El 90,4 % de los casos se diagnosticó durante el embarazo; el 47,2% recibió tres dosis de penicilina y el 57,6 % de los contactos recibió tratamiento. Conclusiones. La tasa de sífilis gestacional en Cali en el 2018 fue superior a la nacional y la enfermedad se presentó con mayor frecuencia en mujeres gestantes en condición de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, lo que coincidió con la distribución espacial en general. Se evidenció la falta de oportunidad en la detección temprana y el manejo de la infección tanto en las pacientes como en sus contactos, lo cual dificulta el control de la enfermedad y refleja la inadecuada aplicación de la ruta integral de atención en salud materno-perinatal.


Abstract | Introduction: Gestational syphilis is considered an event of public health interest given its impact on mother and child. In Colombia, despite having specific protocols for its notification, diagnosis, and management, there are still limitations in its control. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the spatial distribution of gestational syphilis in Cali, Colombia, in 2018. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 427 gestational syphilis cases reported to the Colombian national epidemiological surveillance system (Sivigila). For the statistical processing, we used the R program, version 3.5.3. We expressed qualitative variables as proportions and quantitative ones through central tendency and dispersion measures, and to establish the spatial distribution we used the Qgis program, version 3.0. Results: The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 17 cases per 1,000 live births (including stillbirths); 57.1% of patients belonged to the subsidized healthcare system and 16.6% had no health insurance; 90.4% of cases were diagnosed during pregnancy; 47.2% of the pregnant women received three doses of penicillin, yet only 57.6% of contacts were treated. Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational syphilis in Cali during 2018 exceeded the national rate with a higher frequency among women in socioeconomic vulnerability conditions consistent with the general spatial distribution. There was a lack of opportunity in the early detection and management of the infection both among pregnant women and their contacts, which hinders the control of the disease and reflects the inadequate application of the comprehensive maternal and perinatal health care route guidelines.


Subject(s)
Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis, Latent , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Public Health , Prevalence
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(3): 348-356, mar. 2021. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389456

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: National rates of HIV, gonorrhoeae and syphilis have increased in Chile in recent years, but it is not known if syphilis among pregnant women (PW) is also escalating. Aim: To explore syphilis rates among PW in a southern Chilean region and to describe clinical features of mothers and offspring. Patients and Methods: We selected PW with positive VDRL or T. pallidum micro-he-magglutination (MHA-TP) reactive tests, referred to a high-risk obstetrical pathology center between 2011 and 2019. Clinical information of mothers and their offspring was obtained from their medical records. Results: Syphilis rates among PW increased from 0.4 to 7.2 per 1,000 live births in the reference center from 2013 to 2019, along with a national and regional increase in both sexes. Twenty-nine cases of PW with syphilis were identified with a median age of 28 years (interquartile range 23-32). Seventeen percent had a history of drug abuse, and 14% had previous sexually transmitted diseases. In seven cases (24%), the diagnosis occurred at delivery. Three percent of patients had a primary syphilis, 14% a secondary syphilis, 24% an early latent syphilis, and 59% a latent syphilis. All cases except one case were treated with benzathine penicillin G and the remaining with erythromycin due to allergy suspicion. Penicillin desensitization was required in two cases (7%). Treatment timing was inadequate in 10 cases (34.5%). Of 19 patients with available serological follow-up, 10 (53%) showed a significant decrease in VDRL titers (≥ 2 dilutions) and two cases had re-infection. Two patients (7%) had an abortion, two had congenital syphilis (7%), and six had premature births (21%), totaling 35% of adverse-pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Resurgence of syphilis among pregnant women is happening in southern Chile and is associated to adverse-pregnancy outcomes.


Antecedentes: Las tasas nacionales de VIH, gonorrea y sífilis han aumentado en Chile en los últimos años, pero no se sabe si la sífilis en mujeres embarazadas (ME) también está aumentando. Objetivo: Explorar las tasas de sífilis en ME en una región del sur de Chile y describir las características clínicas de las madres y los hijos. Pacientes y Métodos: Se seleccionaron ME con un VDRL o test de microhemaglutinación para T. pallidum positivos, referidas aun centro de alto riesgo obstétrico entre 2011 y 2019. La información clínica de las madres y sus hijos fue obtenida de fichas clínicas. Resultados: Las tasas de sífilis en ME aumentaron de 0,4 a 7,2 por 1000 nacidos vivos en el hospital de referencia entre 2013 y 2019, en paralelo a un aumento nacional y regional en ambos sexos. Se identificaron 29 casos de mujeres embarazadas con sífilis con mediana de edad 28 años, rango intercuartílico 23-32. Diecisiete por ciento tenía historia de abuso de drogas y 14% tenía una enfermedad de transmisión sexual previa. En siete casos, el diagnóstico ocurrió en el momento del parto (24,1%). Los estadios abarcaron sífilis primaria (3%), sífilis secundaria (14%), sífilis latente temprana (24%) y sífilis latente (59%). Todos, menos un caso, fueron tratados con penicilina G benzatina y el caso restante con eritromicina por sospecha de alergia a la penicilina. Se requirieron protocolos de desensibilización a penicilina en dos casos (7%). El momento del tratamiento fue inadecuado en 10 casos (35%). De 19 pacientes con seguimiento serológico disponible, 10 (53%) mostraron una disminución significativa en los títulos de VDRL (≥ 2 diluciones) y dos casos tuvieron reinfección. Dos pacientes (7%) evolucionaron con aborto, dos con sífilis congénita (7%, una asociada a terapia con macrólidos) y seis con parto prematuro o bajo peso al nacer (21%), totalizando 35% de resultados adversos durante el embarazo. Conclusiones: El resurgimiento de la sífilis entre las mujeres embarazadas está ocurriendo en el sur de Chile y está asociado a resultados adversos del embarazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis/epidemiology , Penicillin G Benzathine , Chile/epidemiology , Pregnant Women
8.
Rev. bras. promoç. saúde (Impr.) ; 34: 1-10, 17/02/2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152110

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento de mulheres que realizaram consultas de pré-natal em relação à sífilis e as orientações recebidas acerca da prevenção de sífilis gestacional. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, desenvolvida com oito gestantes, em uma unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), de um município de Fronteira Oeste, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de setembro a outubro de 2019. Os achados foram interpretados por meio da análise temática, emergindo duas categorias temáticas: Conhecimento sobre a sífilis e Orientações sobre a prevenção da sífilis na gestação. Resultados: As gestantes investigadas demonstraram conhecimento restrito sobre sífilis e sífilis gestacional. Relataram que as orientações no pré-natal são superficiais. Disseram que a transmissão da sífilis ocorre por via sexual e demonstraram surpresa quanto às complicações da doença para o bebê, evidenciando o desconhecimento sobre a sífilis congênita. Citaram o preservativo como método de prevenção, porém relataram não utilizar quando o parceiro é fixo. Demonstraram conhecimento restrito sobre a interpretação dos testes rápidos, não mencionando a realização do exame não treponêmico como método diagnóstico e confirmatório da doença. Conclusão: A lacuna identificada pelo conhecimento limitado das gestantes investigadas sobre a sífilis e a prevenção da sífilis gestacional pode ser suprida por meio da realização de atividades de educação em saúde, tendo o enfermeiro como agente promotor.


Objective: To analyze the knowledge of women who attended prenatal consultations concerning syphilis and the guidelines received about the prevention of gestational syphilis. Methods: It is qualitative and descriptive research, developed with eight pregnant women, in a unit of Primary Health Care (PHC), in a municipality of Fronteira Oeste, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using the semi-structured interview technique from September to October 2019. The findings were interpreted using thematic analysis, with two thematic categories emerging: Knowledge about syphilis and Guidelines on the prevention of syphilis in pregnancy. Results: The investigated pregnant women demonstrated restricted knowledge about syphilis and gestational syphilis. They reported that the guidelines for prenatal care are superficial. They said that the transmission of syphilis happens through sex and showed surprise about the complications of the disease for the baby, showing the lack of knowledge about congenital syphilis. They mentioned the condom as a prevention method but reported not using it when the partner is fixed. They demonstrated limited knowledge about the interpretation of rapid tests, not to mention the non-treponemal exam as a diagnostic and confirmatory method of the disease. Conclusion: The gap identified by the limited knowledge of pregnant women investigated about syphilis, and the prevention of gestational syphilis can be filled by carrying out health education activities, with the nurse as a promoter.


Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento de mujeres que tuvieron el prenatal sobre la sífilis y las orientaciones recibidas sobre la prevención de la sífilis gestacional. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa y descriptiva desarrollada con ocho embarazadas de una unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) de un municipio de la Frontera Oeste, Río Grande de Sur, Brasil a través de la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada en el periodo entre septiembre y octubre de 2019. Se ha interpretado los hallazgos a través del análisis temático del cual se ha identificado dos categorías temáticas a continuación: Conocimiento de la sífilis y Orientaciones sobre la prevención de la sífilis durante el embarazo. Resultados: Las embarazadas investigadas han demostrado poco conocimiento de la sífilis y de la sífilis gestacional. Ellas han relatado que las orientaciones del prenatal son superficiales, que la transmisión de la sífilis se da por la vía sexual y han demostrado sorpresa sobre las complicaciones de la enfermedad para el bebé lo que evidencia la falta de conocimiento de la sífilis congénita. Ellas han citado el condón como el método de prevención, sin embargo, relataron no usarlo cuando tiene más tiempo con su compañero. Las participantes han demostrado poco conocimiento de la interpretación de las pruebas rápidas y no han mencionado la prueba no treponémica como el método diagnóstico y confirmatorio de la enfermedad. Conclusión: Se pude arreglar la laguna del conocimiento limitado de las embarazadas investigadas sobre la sífilis y la prevención de la sífilis gestacional a través de actividades de educación en salud con el enfermero como el agente promotor.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis , Women's Health , Nursing , Pregnant Women
9.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 55: 1-10, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1352169

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of rapid tests coverage in Primary Care on syphilis detection rate in pregnant women in Brazil, in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. METHODS: The dependent variable was the syphilis detection rate in pregnant women between 2012 and 2018. As the main independent variables, the methods for measuring the coverage of rapid tests for syphilis in Primary Care were used and, as adjustment variables, some indicators of health services and socioeconomic. We opted for a linear regression model for panel data (panel data analysis), considering the municipality as the unit of analysis and the year as the time variable. RESULTS: From the results of the final model, we can infer that, for a given municipality, as the rate of rapid tests increases by one point for every thousand live births, the detection rate of syphilis in pregnant women increases by an average of 0.02 cases per thousand live births (p < 0.001). This value is adjusted for Family Health coverage, proportion of health facilities per inhabitant, per capita expenditure on health and the Human Development Index. CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial improvement in the amount of rapid tests available, as well as a significant increase in the number of tests performed in pregnant women, which predicts an increase in syphilis rates in pregnant women. However, a worrying hypothesis is that the number of tests performed on pregnant women during the analyzed period may have been insufficient to detect the progress of the epidemic in this population.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito da cobertura de testes rápidos na Atenção Básica sobre a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes no Brasil, nos municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. MÉTODOS: A variável dependente foi a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes entre os anos de 2012 e 2018. Como variáveis independentes principais, foram utilizados os métodos de aferição da cobertura de testes rápidos para sífilis na Atenção Básica e, como variáveis de ajuste, alguns indicadores de serviços de saúde e socioeconômicos. Optou-se por um modelo de regressão linear para dados em painel (panel data analysis), considerando o município como unidade de análise e ano como variável de tempo. RESULTADOS: Pelos resultados do modelo final, pode-se inferir que, para um determinado município, à medida que a taxa de testes rápidos aumenta em um ponto para cada mil nascidos vivos, a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes aumenta em média 0,02 casos por mil nascidos vivos (p < 0,001). Esse valor está ajustado para cobertura de Saúde da Família, proporção de UBS por habitante, gastos per capita com saúde e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. CONCLUSÕES: Houve uma melhora substancial na quantidade de testes rápidos disponíveis, bem como, o aumento significativo de realização desses testes em gestantes, o que prediz o aumento das taxas de sífilis em gestantes. Contudo, uma hipótese preocupante é que a quantidade de testes realizados em gestantes no período analisado pode ter sido insuficiente para detectar o avanço da epidemia nessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Prenatal Care , Primary Health Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Live Birth
10.
Chinese Journal of Dermatology ; (12): 522-526, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-911483

ABSTRACT

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of benzathine penicillin combined with ceftriaxone on the negative conversion rate of the rapid plasma reagin circle card test/toluidine red unheated serum test (RPR/TRUST) in the treatment of early syphilis.Methods:According to the search strategy, online databases (PubMed, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP) were searched for case-control studies on benzathine penicillin combined with ceftriaxone in the treatment of early syphilis. The Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles, and the RevMan5.3 software to analyze the negative conversion rate of RPR/TRUST.Results:A total of 14 case-control studies were included, including 1 160 syphilis patients (585 in the combination treatment group and 575 in the benzathine penicillin alone group) . According to the meta-analysis, the negative conversion rate of serum RPR/TRUST was significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in the benzathine penicillin alone group ( OR=3.70, 95% CI[2.71, 5.06], P<0.001) . Subgroup analysis based on the follow-up duration, the negative conversion rate of serum RPR/TRUST was also significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in the benzathine penicillin alone group after 3-month ( OR=3.68, 95% CI [2.26, 5.98], P<0.001) , 6-month ( OR=3.11, 95% CI[2.26, 4.27], P<0.001) and 12-month treatment ( OR=4.35, 95% CI[2.81, 6.73], P<0.001) . Conclusion:Compared with benzathine penicillin, benzathine penicillin combined with ceftriaxone can more effectively promote serum RPR/TRUST to turn negative in the treatment of early syphilis.

11.
Journal of Chinese Physician ; (12): 886-889, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-909639

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the association of -592A/C and -1082A/G single nucleotide polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-10 gene with susceptibility to serofast in patients with syphilis.Methods:The SNPs of -592A/C and -1082A/g in the promoter region of IL-10 were detected by multiple single base extension (SNaP-shot) assay in 123 patients with syphilis(syphilis group), 118 patients with seronegative syphilis (seronegative syphilis group) and 120 healthy controls (healthy control group). The clinical characteristics, genotypes and allele frequencies of different subjects were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in age and gender between syphilis group, seronegative syphilis group and healthy control group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of sexual partners, initial rapid plasma reagin test for syphilis (RPR) titer, stage, and Jihai reaction between the syphilis group and seronegative syphilis group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequency of -592A/C and -1082A/G in the promoter region of IL-10 between the syphilis group, seronegative syphilis group and the control group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There seems to be no evidence for association between -592A/C and -1082A/G single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-10 gene and susceptibility to serofast in patients with syphilis.

12.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 90(4): 529-534, Oct.-Dec. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152829

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se expone el caso de una paciente de 73 años procedente y residente de Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia), con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, que ingresa a un hospital de alta complejidad por un cuadro clínico de 3 meses de evolución consistente en dolor torácico tipo opresivo en la región anterior izquierda del tórax, no irradiado, de intensidad 8/10. En el ecocardiograma se evidencia enfermedad calcificada de la válvula aórtica con estenosis aortica grave, insuficiencia aórtica, hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo e insuficiencia mitral leve. Dentro de los estudios prequirúrgicos presentó VDRL con 1:4 diluciones, se confirmó el diagnóstico con el resultado de la prueba treponémica y se descartaron otras enfermedades infecciosas. Se realizó remplazo valvular con bioprótesis y tubo valvular supracoronario. En la biopsia se confirmó la valvulitis crónica cicatricial con extensas calcificaciones. Posterior a la intervención quirúrgica se dio egreso por adecuada evolución clínica.


Abstract The case of a 73-year-old female patient obtained and resident of Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia), with a history of hypertension who is admitted to a highly complex hospital due to a 3-month clinical picture of constant evolution in pain is presented. Thoracic oppressive type in the anterior region of the left thorax, non-irradiated, of intensity 8/10. The echocardiogram shows calcified aortic valve disease with severe aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and mild grade mitral regurgitation. Within the pre-surgical studies, she presented VDRL with 1:4 dilutions and the diagnosis was confirmed with the result of the treponemal test and other infectious diseases were ruled out. Valvular replacement was performed with a bioprosthesis plus a supra-coronary valvular tube. In the biopsy, chronic scar valvulitis with extensive calcifications was confirmed. After the surgical intervention, discharge was performed due to adequate clinical evolution.

13.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 79: e1793, 31 mar. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489609

ABSTRACT

Essa revisão explorou dois aspectos: a evolução do diagnóstico laboratorial, quantitativamente, com análise de 12.328 dados da produção laboratorial (de 2005 a 2016) e o histórico epidemiológico, com abordagem qualitativa (descritiva). Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama e apresentar as ações laboratoriais, avaliou-se o impacto no diagnóstico com a implantação do teste treponêmico TPHA (2007) e atendimento aos fluxogramas I-A (2011) e I-B (2014), da Portaria nº 3.242/GM/MS/2011(revogada em 2016). Para traçar a trajetória epidêmica do sífilismo no contexto social, do Brasil colonial à atualidade, buscou-se a literatura científica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Acadêmico, elegendo os descritores isolados/agrupados: sífilis/congênita, sorodiagnóstico da sífilis, saúde pública. Das 200 publicações avaliadas por leitura exploratória, seletiva, analítica e interpretativa, 63 foram selecionadas para descrever a sífilis nos aspectos já mencionados. A ausência de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos dificulta o conhecimento das transformações do processo de manifestação da sífilis e adoção de medidas corretivas/preventivas para seu combate. Esse estudo detectou, com originalidade, pontos vulneráveis na execução do ensaio; necessidade de estratégias para melhoria da qualidade do diagnóstico laboratorial e, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, a inserção de políticas públicas específicas para atenção ao grupo de pessoas em idade fértil.


This review explored two aspects: quantitative evolution of the laboratory diagnosis with analysis of 12,328 laboratory data (2005/2016) and, epidemiological history with a qualitative (descriptive) approach. With aim of to draw a panorama and to present the laboratory actions was evaluated the impact from treponemic test (TPHA, 2007) in the diagnosis and attendance to flowcharts IA (2011)/IB (2014), of Ordinance Nº 3,242 /GM/MS/ 2011 (repealed in 2016). For drawing the syphilis epidemic trajectory in the social context, since Brazil colony to the currently scientific literature was searched in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Scholar, choosing the isolated / grouped descriptors: syphilis / congenital, serodiagnosis, public health. From 200 publications selected 63 evaluated by exploratory, selective, analytical, interpretive reading, to describe syphilis in all aspects mentioned above. The lack of epidemiological and laboratorial data makes it difficult to know the changes in the syphilis manifestation process, and to adopt corrective/preventive measures to combat it. This original study detected vulnerability in the assay execution, need for strategies formulation to improve the laboratory diagnosis quality and, from an epidemiological point of view insertion of specific public policies for attention to childbearing age people group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Syphilis Serodiagnosis/history , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis/history , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/history , Public Health/history
14.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 32: 1-4, jan. 12, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130053

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Syphilis is a major public health problem. Its incidence has increased in Brazil, particularly in the Southern Region. New tools are available, and immediate action is necessary. Objective: To describe the pilot study of an investigation aimed to assess the prevalence of syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HIV and evaluate three strategies for adherence to syphilis treatment. Methods: A spontaneous sample of participants was evaluated with a structured questionnaire and underwent rapid tests for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C after signing an informed consent form (ICF). Rapid tests reagent for syphilis were confirmed by quantitative venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Participants with confirmation of syphilis were randomized into three groups for follow-up: telephone calls, SIM app, and usual care at the health unit. Results: During a two-day pilot, 68 participants were included. Fourteen (20.6%) had tests reagent for syphilis, 1 (1.5%) for hepatitis B, 3 (4.4%) for hepatitis C, and 1 (1.5%) for HIV. Eight (57.1%) of the initial 14 individuals with rapid tests reagent for syphilis agreed to participate in the study. Out of the 8 rapid tests for syphilis, 2 (25%) were confirmed as active syphilis (>1/8). Conclusion: The prevalence of active syphilis estimated in this population was 3.5%. The demand for tests was high. The COVID-19 epidemic had a negative impact on the development of the study, which is ready for implementation. Discussions on the role of such a testing unit and the coverage of the research project in a context that requires increasing COVID-19-focused testing are fundamental for the future development of the project.


Introdução: A sífilis é um importante problema de saúde pública. A incidência tem aumentado no Brasil, principalmente na Região Sul. Novas ferramentas estão disponíveis e uma ação imediata é necessária. Objetivo: Descrever o estudo piloto de uma pesquisa que avalia a prevalência de sífilis, hepatites B e C e HIV e três estratégias de aderência ao seguimento do tratamento. Métodos: Uma amostra espontânea de participantes foi avaliada com um questionário estruturado e testes rápidos para sífilis, HIV e hepatites B e C foram realizados após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Os testes rápidos reagentes para sífilis foram confirmados por VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) quantitativo e hemaglutinação para sífilis (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay ­ TPHA). Os participantes com confirmação de sífilis foram randomizados em três grupos para acompanhamento: ligações telefônicas, aplicativo do SIM e cuidados habituais na unidade de saúde. Resultados: Durante um piloto de dois dias, 68 participantes foram incluídos. Quatorze (20,6%) tiveram testes reagentes para sífilis, 1 (1,5%) para hepatite B, 3 (4,4%) para hepatite C e 1 (1,5%) para HIV. Oito (57,1%) dos 14 casos iniciais com teste rápido reagente para sífilis aceitaram participar do estudo. Dos 8 testes rápidos para sífilis, 2 (25%) foram confirmados como sífilis ativa (>1/8). Conclusão: A prevalência de sífilis ativa estimada nesta população foi de 3,5%. A demanda por exames foi alta. A epidemia de COVID-19 impactou negativamente o desenvolvimento do estudo, que está pronto para implementação. A discussão sobre o papel desta espécie de unidade de teste e a abrangência do projeto de pesquisa em um contexto que pede a expansão de testes focados na COVID-19 são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento futuro do projeto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Syphilis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Public Health , HIV , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis B
15.
Rev. enferm. UFSM ; 10: e82, 2020.
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1151952

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conhecer de que forma os enfermeiros da atenção básica realizam os testes rápidos para sífilis em gestantes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um município do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 2018 por entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: referiram que a doença pode ser assintomática, mas tem três estágios. Citaram como sintomas uma ferida vaginal que some e após aparecem manchas no corpo. A doença pode causar no recém-nascido má-formação. Houve desconhecimento acerca da doença. Notificam os casos positivos e iniciam imediatamente o tratamento da gestante. Ressaltaram a não adesão dos parceiros ao tratamento. Conclusão: destaca-se o importante papel do enfermeiro na realização do pré-natal e do teste rápido de sífilis. Observa-se que são necessárias ações de educação continuada melhorando os indicadores da doença no país.


Objective: to find out how primary care nurses perform rapid tests for syphilis in pregnant women. Method: this is a qualitative research conducted in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were collected in 2018 by semi-structured interviews and submitted to Content Analysis. Results: thee nurses reported that the disease can be asymptomatic, but it has three stages. The symptoms mentioned were a vaginal wound that disappears and after that spots appear on the body. The disease can cause malformation in the newborn. The disease was unknown. When they noticed positive cases, they immediately began treatment of the pregnant woman. They emphasized the non-adherence of partners to treatment. Conclusion: the nurse's important role in prenatal and rapid syphilis testing is highlighted. Continuing education actions are needed to improve the disease indicators in the country.


Objetivo: conocer de qué forma los enfermeros de la atención primaria realizan los exámenes rápidos para sífilis en gestantes. Método: es una investigación cualitativa realizada en un municipio del sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos en 2018 por entrevistas semi-estructuradas y sometidos al Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: reportaron que la enfermedad puede ser asintomática, pero tiene tres etapas. Como síntomas, citaron una herida vaginal que desaparece y después aparecen manchas en el cuerpo. La enfermedad puede causar mala formación en el recién nacido. Se desconocía acerca de la enfermedad. Notificaron casos positivos e iniciaron inmediatamente el tratamiento de la gestante. Resaltaron la no adherencia de los compañeros al tratamiento. Conclusión: se destaca el importante papel del enfermero en la realización del prenatal y del examen rápido de sífilis. Se observa que son necesarias acciones de educación continuada mejorando los indicadores de la enfermedad en el país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Family Nurse Practitioners
16.
Cogit. Enferm. (Online) ; 24: e65578, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1055942

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as repercussões do diagnóstico de Sífilis Gestacional para a puérpera. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada em uma unidade de pediatria de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Participaram 15 puérperas de crianças internadas no setor com diagnóstico de Sífilis Congênita. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas no primeiro semestre de 2018 e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: obtiveram-se dados acerca do recebimento do diagnóstico, das reações frente ao diagnóstico, da influência do diagnóstico na gestação e parto e da realização do tratamento da Sífilis Gestacional. Conclusão: verificou-se desinformação das puérperas quanto à infecção da sífilis, principalmente sobre cuidados para evitar a transmissão e a reinfecção. Destaca-se o papel educativo do enfermeiro junto a essas mulheres na busca pela diminuição das (re)infecções por Sífilis.


RESUMEN: Objetivo: conocer las repercusiones del diagnóstico de Sífilis Gestacional para la puérpera. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada en una unidad de pediatría de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Participaron 15 puérperas de niños internados en el sector con diagnóstico de Sífilis Congénita. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas durante el primer semestre de 2018 y se los sometió a análisis de contenido. Resultados: se obtuvieron datos acerca de cómo se recibe el diagnóstico, de las reacciones frente al mismo, de la influencia del diagnóstico en el embarazo y el parto y de la realización del diagnóstico de la Sífilis Gestacional. Conclusión: se verificó que las puérperas están desinformadas con respecto a la infección de la sífilis, principalmente sobre los cuidados para evitar su transmisión y reinfección. Se destaca el rol educativo del enfermero junto a estas mujeres en la búsqueda de reducir la cantidad de (re)infecciones por sífilis.


ABSTRACT Objective: To know the repercussions of the diagnosis of Gestational Syphilis for the postpartum woman. Method: A qualitative research carried out in a pediatric unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. 15 postpartum women participated of children admitted to the sector diagnosed with congenital syphilis. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews in the first half of 2018 and submitted to content analysis. Results: Data was obtained about the receipt of the diagnosis, the reactions regarding the diagnosis, the influence of the diagnosis during pregnancy and childbirth and the treatment of gestational syphilis. Conclusion: Misinformation of the puerperal women regarding syphilis infection, especially regarding care to avoid transmission and reinfection. We highlight the educational role of nurses with these women in the pursuit of reducing (re)infections by syphilis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Women's Health , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Postpartum Period , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Public Health
17.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 13(40): 1-8, jan.-dez. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-969407

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relatar o processo de implementação dos testes rápidos na Atenção Básica no Município de Tubarão. Métodos: Relato de experiência baseado nas vivências dos autores e em entrevistas bimestrais aos enfermeiros responsáveis pelas unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e um hospital através de questionário semi-estruturado, com duração de oito meses. Resultados: No ano de 2014, os enfermeiros das unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e de outros serviços de saúde receberam capacitação para execução dos testes rápidos para sífilis em gestantes e consideraram satisfatória. No entanto, apenas um hospital e uma unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família implantaram os testes rápidos, as demais justificaram a não implantação principalmente pela falta de infraestrutura e recursos humanos limitados. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a implantação de testes rápidos para sífilis ainda está em andamento, e exige um grande esforço de vários departamentos do Ministério da Saúde e da prefeitura em parceria.


Objective: To report the implementation process of rapid tests in Primary Care at the Tubarão city. Methods: Report of experience based on experiences of the authors and in bimonthly interviews to the nurses responsible for the Family Health Strategy and one hospital through a semi-structured questionnaire, with eight months duration. Results: In 2014, the nurses of the Family Health Strategy units and of the other health services received training for the execution of rapid tests for syphilis in pregnant women and considered it satisfactory. However, only one hospital and one Family Health Strategy unit implemented the rapid tests, the others justified non-implantation mainly due to lack of infrastructure and limited human resources. Conclusion: This study showed that the implementation of rapid tests for syphilis is still ongoing, and requires a great effort of various departments of the Ministry of Health and the city government in partnership.


Objetivo: Relatar el proceso de implementación de las pruebas rápidas en la Atención Básica en el Municipio de Tubarao. Métodos: Relato de experiencia basado en las vivencias de los autores y en entrevistas bimestrales a los enfermeros responsables por las unidades de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y uno hospital a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado, con duración de ocho meses. Resultados: En el año 2014, los enfermeros de las unidades de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y de otros servicios de salud recibieron capacitación para la ejecución de las pruebas rápidas para sífilis en gestantes y consideraron satisfactoria. Sin embargo, sólo un hospital y una unidad de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia implantaron las pruebas rápidas, las demás justificaron la no implantación principalmente por la falta de infraestructura y recursos humanos limitados. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que la implantación de pruebas rápidas para sífilis todavía está en curso, y exige un gran esfuerzo de diversos departamentos del Ministerio de Salud y del ayuntamiento en colaboración.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , National Health Strategies , Unified Health System , Syphilis , HIV , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis , Hepatitis B
18.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 30(1): 12-15, 30-03-2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1122862

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Congenital syphilis (CS) occurs at any time during gestation if the pregnant women were not treated or were incorrectly treated during pregnancy. CS can be avoided with adequate prenatal diagnosis and treatment. Benzathine penicillin is the preferred drug. Objective: To evaluate diagnosis and management of congenital syphilis during pregnancy and the correct management of children exposed in a public hospital at Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from medical records of infants born to mothers with syphilis diagnosed during pregnancy or delivery and followed at Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ambulatory during 2016. Results: 84 mother-child binomials were followed-up. The prevalence of syphilis diagnosis was higher in the third trimester of pregnancy 21.40% (18/84) and at delivery, 31% (26/84). About 77.40% of women do not receive adequate therapy during pregnancy. Moreover in 13 cases, investigation was concluded with 2 of them confirmed as CS. Conclusion: Late beginning or not attendance to prenatal consults affected management of syphilis at pregnancy; investigation of newborns was inadequate in many cases and treatment demanded alternative drugs in absence of penicillin G.


Introdução: A sífilis congênita consiste na infecção do feto pelo Treponema pallidum, em gestantes não tratadas ou inadequadamente tratadas. A sífilis congênita pode ser evitada por meio do diagnóstico e do tratamento adequado no pré-natal. A penicilina benzatina é a droga de eleição. Objetivo: Avaliar o diagnóstico e o tratamento para sífilis realizado na gestação, bem como a abordagem dos lactentes expostos à sífilis congênita em um hospital público de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo. Dados oriundos dos prontuários dos lactentes, cujas mães foram diagnosticadas com sífilis durante a gestação ou parto e acompanhados em ambulatório de infectologia pediátrica em 2016. Resultados: Foram acompanhados no ambulatório 84 binômios. O diagnóstico de sífilis nas gestantes foi mais prevalente no terceiro trimestre de gestação, 21,40% (18/84), e no momento do parto, 31% (26/84). Em 77,60% (65/84) dos casos não foi realizado o tratamento adequado durante a gestação. Por fim, em 13 casos a investigação foi concluída, sendo dois confirmados como sífilis congênita. Conclusão: O início tardio ou a não realização do pré-natal afetaram a abordagem da sífilis na gestação; a investigação dos recém-natos foi incorreta em muitos casos e o tratamento exigiu o uso de drogas alternativas, na falta da penicilina cristalina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prenatal Care , Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis , Communicable Diseases , Pregnant Women , Infections
19.
Univ. salud ; 20(1): 82-88, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904689

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual se definen como un grupo de infecciones causadas por diversos agentes que se adquieren durante las relaciones sexuales. Éstas además suelen generar manifestaciones en boca. Objetivo: Determinar las lesiones características en cavidad bucal de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con 37 pacientes que asistieron a los servicios de Estomatología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Cartagena y el Hospital Alemán en Buenos Aires durante 2015 y 2016. Se realizó historia clínica completa con pruebas Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) y Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absortion (FTA-ABS) en pacientes con presunción de sífilis. Además de análisis histopatológico y Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) en pacientes con presunción de Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH). Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 38 años, predominó el sexo masculino. El 54,1% fueron diagnosticados con sífilis y la lesión más encontrada en estos fue la pápula. El 45,9% restante fueron diagnosticados con VPH, la lesión predominante en estos fue la verrugosidad. Conclusiones: El odontólogo debe contribuir en la detección temprana de enfermedades de transmisión sexual identificando manifestaciones de éstas en boca; con el fin de evitar su evolución y prevenir su transmisión.


Abstract Introduction: Sexually transmitted diseases are defined as a group of infections caused by various agents which are acquired during sexual intercourse. They also tend to generate manifestations in the mouth. Objective: To determine the typical lesions in oral cavity of sexually transmitted diseases. Materials and methods: A descriptive transversal study was conducted with 37 patients who attended the stomatology services of the University of Buenos Aires, University of Cartagena and the Aleman Hospital in Buenos Aires during 2015 and 2016. A complete clinical history was carried out with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absortion (FTA-ABS) tests in patients with presumption of syphilis. In addition, histopathological analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was made in patients with presumption of Human papillomavirus (HPV). Results: The average age of the patients was 38, where male sex predominated. 54.1% were diagnosed with syphilis and the most found lesion in them was the papule. The remaining 45.9% were diagnosed with HPV, the predominant lesion in them was a wart. Conclusions: The dentist should contribute to the early detection of sexually transmitted diseases by identifying manifestations of these in the mouth in order to prevent their evolution and prevent their transmission.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oral Medicine , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Chancre , Internal Medicine , Papillomavirus Infections , Syphilis , Syphilis Serodiagnosis
20.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 68-72, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-805992

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To analyze serologic surveillance indicators during pregnancy among syphilis-infected women who delivered in 2013 in East China.@*Methods@#Data were from national 'Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV, syphilis and HBV Management’ and in total 5 206 syphilis-infected pregnant women who delivered in 2013 and in East China were involved in the analysis. Information on demographic characters, laboratory tests, and treatment regimens were collected. The maternal non-treponemal testing surveillance and titer distribution were described and compare the proportions between pregnant women receiving standard testing and non-standard testing, taking baseline testing and testing before delivery or at the third trimester. Multivariate logistic regression model was analyzed using maternal titer control as dependent variable, using prior history of syphilis infection, syphilis stages, titer, gestational weeks of treatment initiation and treatment regimens as independent variables in 3 940 pregnant women with both baseline testing results and testing results before delivery or at the third trimester.@*Results@#The ages of the 5 206 syphilis infected pregnant women were (28.1±5.8) years old. The numbers of women received penicillin treatment, other treatment regimens and no treatment were 2 967 (57.0%), 281 (5.4%), and 1 958 (37.6%), respectively. The number of women with maternal seroconversion, 4-fold or greater titer decline, or titer increase were 349 (6.7%), 251 (4.8%) and 28 (0.5%). Multivariate analysis results showed that compared with pregnant women with prior history of syphilis, the OR(95%CI) for maternal titer control was 1.49 (1.18-1.88) among those with syphilis-infection history. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks or received no treatment. Compared with pregnant women received penicillin treatment, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control among those received non-penicillin treatment and those received no treatment were 2.35 (1.46-3.76) and 1.55 (1.13-2.12), respectively.@*Conclusion@#In East China, the proportion of women achieved seroconversion or 4-fold or greater titer decline during pregnancy was very low. Pregnant women with no prior history of syphilis infection, early maternal initiation of treatment, and penicillin treatment were more likely to reach maternal titer control.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL